Site Name : TAMAN NASIONAL BUNAKEN
    Centerpoint
Latitude :
1 37 0 N Logitude : 124 4 0
Altitude :
0 to 822 metres
Area :
89065 ha Wetlands: 3724 ha
Status : National park
Legislation : SK MENHUT 703/KPTS-II/91
Tenure : Government of Indonesia
Province :  
  Site Description  
  The National Park comprises four main islands: Manado Tua, a steep island in the form of a tuncated cone; Bunaken island; and Siladen island. All the three island is surrounded by narrow fringing reefs. The widest reef (1.5 km) is found off south-west Bunaken. The fourth island is Mantehage island, which is a flat island half of which is covered by mangrove and has a fringing reef which extends nearly 3 km from the north side where there is a shallow lagoon (2-6m in depth). Water currents are variable and can be very strong with dangerous eddies. However, the area is relatively shelterd from storms. Total area of mangrove forest in TN Bunaken approximately about 1,800 ha. Mangrove forest in Montehage island dominated by Rhizophora, Bruguiera and Ceriop. In Bunaken dominated by Rhizophora and in Arakan Wowontulap dominated by Rhizophora and Avicenia (200m of thickness). During the low tide, reef flats emerge. The fore-reef is mostly vertical with terraces (shaloest at 25 m) especially on north-facing reefs. In most areas, reefs have no clearly dominant coral species and communities are typically diverse and mixed. Exceptions are found on the sheltered reefs surrounding Nain lagoon where the reef crest is constructed of flat-topped massive corals, principally by Porites. Below this, the main lagoon is dominated by Acropora brancing corals. Seagrasses are found on all reef flats and in shallow lagoons. The diversity of seagrasses are Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides (dominate), Cymodace spp., Syrigodium spp., Holodule spp., Halophila spp. The diversity of seaweed in TN Bunaken are Caulerpa sp, Halimeda spp, Padina spp, Lithothamnion spp and Euchema sp. Coral reef fishes are plentiful and diverse and probably reach their maximum diversity along the top of the sheer fore-reef at south Bunaken. The diversity of invertebrate fauna is also high, which include sponges, tunicates, crinoids, alcyonarians, antipatharians and anemones. Noteworthy fauna and flora includes Cypraea spp. Conus spp. Tronchus spp., Turbo spp., Lambis chiraga, Ovula ovum, Tridacna spp., and Hippopus hippopus. Turtles occur sporadically in the area.  
  Site Location  
  The Bunaken National Park is located close to Manado, north-eastern tip of Sulawesi. This park is easy accessible from Kuala Jengki harbour in Manado. There are boats to Pulau Manado Tua, Pulau Bunaken and Pulau Siladen. The trip can be rough especially durung the wet season from November till March.  
  Special Memmo  
  The most outstanding feature of the Bunaken island complex is the rich in invertebrate marine fauna particularly coral species.  
  List of Birds (83 species)  
 
Species Red Data Book Cites
Accipiter rhodogaster App II
Actitis hypoleucos
Alcedo atthis
Alcedo meninting
Anthreptes malacensis
Aplonis panayensis
Ardea purpurea
Ardea sumatrana Lower Risk
Ardeola speciosa
Ardeola striata
Artamus leucorhynchus
Artamus leucorynchus
Bubulcus ibis
Butorides striatus
Cacatua sulphurea Critically Endengered App I
Centropus bengalensis
Centropus celebensis
Chalcophaps indica
Chalcophaps stephani
Chlidonias hybridus
Ciconia episcopus
Collocalia esculenta
Coracina bicolor Lower Risk
Coracina leucopygia
Corvus enca
Cuculus saturatus
Dicaeum aureolimbatum
Dicaeum celebicum
Dicrurus hottentottus
Ducula bicolor
Egretta garzetta
Egretta novaehollandiae
Egretta sacra
Eudynamys melanorhyncha
Eurystomus orientalis
Falco moluccensis App II
Fregata ariel
Fregata minor
Halcyon chloris
Halcyon pileata
Halcyon sancta
Haliaeetus leucogaster App II
Haliastur indus App II
Hirundo rustica
Hirundo tahitica
Hypothymis azurea
Larus ridibundus
Lonchura molucca
Macropygia amboinensis
Megapodius cumingii Lower Risk
Merops ornatus
Monarcha cinerascens
Monticola solitarius
Muscicapa griseisticta
Nectarinia aspasia
Nectarinia jugularis
Ninox punctulata App II
Numenius arquata
Numenius phaeopus
Oriolus chinensis
Otus magicus App II
Pandion haliaetus App II
Passer montanus
Pelargopsis melanorhyncha
Phalaropus lobatus
Ptilinopus melanospila
Rallus torquatus
Scythrops novaehollandiae
Spilornis rufipectus App II
Sterna bengalensis
Sterna bergii
Sterna sumatrana
Streptopelia chinensis
Sula leucogaster
Surniculus lugubris
Tanygnathus megalorynchos App II
Tanygnathus sumatranus App II
Treron vernans
Trichoglossus ornatus App II
Tringa brevipes
Tringa hypoleucos
Tringa totanus
Turacoena manadensis
  List of Mammals (14 species)  
 
Species Red Data Book Cites
Ailurops ursinus Deficient Data
Balaenoptera borealis Vulnerable App I
Balaenoptera physalus Endengered App I
Cervus timorensis
Dugong dugon Vulnerable App I
Globicephala macrorhynchus Lower Risk App II
Macaca nigra Endengered App II
Orcinus orca Lower Risk App II
Phalanger orientalis App II
Physeter macrocephalus Vulnerable App I
Stenella longirostris Lower Risk App II
Stigocuscus celebensis Deficient Data
Sus celebensis
Tarsius spectrum Deficient Data App II
 
  List of Fish (74 species)  
 
Species Red Data Book Cites
Acanthocybium solandri
Acanthurus triostegus
Aeoliscus strigatus
Aethaloperca rogaa
Aetobatus narinari
Anyperodon leucogrammicus
Apogon novemfasciatus
Aulostomus chinensis
Balistoides viridescens
Caesio teres
Caranx melampygus
Carcharhinus melanopterus
Cephalopholis argus
Cephalopholis miniatus
Cephalopholis urodeta
Chaetodon kleinii
Chanos chanos
Cheilinus undulatus
Conger cinereus
Elagatis bipinnulatus
Epinephelus fasciatus
Epinephelus lanceolatus
Epinephelus merra
Epinephelus tauvina
Forcipiger longirostris
Gnathanodon speciosus
Gymnothorax javanicus
Hemitaurichthys polylepis
Heniochus acuminatus
Hippocampus kuda
Istiophorus platypterus
Katsuwonus pelamis
Kyphosus cinerascens
Lethrinus miniatus
Lethrinus nebulosus
Lutjanus gibbus
Lutjanus kasmira
Lutjanus sebae
Macolor macularis
Makaira indica
Myripristis murdjan
Paracanthurus hepatus
Paracirrhites forsteri
Parupeneus barberinus
Parupeneus multifasciatus
Platax teira
Plectorhinchus orientalis
Plectropomus laevis
Plotosus lineatus
Pogonoperca punctata
Pseudanthias pleurotaenia
Pseudanthias squamipinnis
Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus
Pterocaesio marri
Rhinomuraena quasita
Saurida gracilis
Scarus bleekeri
Scolopsis bilineatus
Scomberoides commersonnianus
Scomberoides tol
Selaroides leptolepis
Seriolina nigrofasciata
Siganus doliatus
Siganus guttatus
Siganus punctatus
Siganus vermiculatus
Sphyrna lewini
Taeniura lymna
Tetrapterus audax
Trachinotus blochii
Variola louti
Zanclus cornutus
Zebrasoma scopas
Zebrasoma veliferum
  List of Crustaceans (1 species)  
 
Species Red Data Book Cites
Birgus latro Deficient Data
  List of Mollusks (10 species)  
 
Species Red Data Book Cites
Charonia tritonis Rare
Hippopus hippopus Lower Risk App II
Hippopus porcellanus Lower Risk App II
Nautilus pompilius
Tridacna crocea Insufficiently Know App II
Tridacna derasa Vulnerable App.II
Tridacna gigas Vulnerable App II
Tridacna maxima Lower Risk App II
Tridacna squamosa Lower Risk App II
Trochus niloticus
  List of Amphibians (1 species)  
 
Species Red Data Book Cites
Kaloula pulchra
  List of Reptiles (12 species)  
 
Species Red Data Book Cites
Ahaetulla prasina
Chelonia mydas Endengered App I
Crocodylus porosus Vulnerable App II
Cuora amboinensis
Dermochelys coriacea Critically Endengered App I
Eretmochelys imbricata Critically Endengered App I
Hemidactylus frenatus
Laticauda colubrina
Lycodon stormi
Mabuya multifasciata
Python sp.
Varanus salvator App II
  List of Vegetations (0 species)  
 
Species Red Data Book Cites