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Site Description |
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The area consists mainly of freshwater swamps including both seasonally flooded riverine backswamps and some permanent swamps, but also has locally bordering peatswamps. A tributary valley between Mengalla town and Bungung Tenuk village is semi-permanently flooded and was rich in waterbirds (including the endangered white-winged wood duck) during a January, 1977 survey. The area currently is proposed for a regional development study; it is already partially deforested and subject to encroachment by bordering transmigration settlements. |
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Site Location |
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The Tulang Bawang swamps are located in Lampung Province, South Sumatra and lie in kecamatan Menggala in Kabupaten Lampung Utara. The area is accessible via a good quality road which runs the 118 km between the provincial capital, Bandar Lampung, and Menggala. From Menggala, the swamps may be reached by speedboat or regular ferry.
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Special Memmo |
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Probably major roost of Cairina scutulata. This Wood Duck was observed at several localities in 1976-1977, but there is no recent information. |
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List of Birds (91 species) |
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Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
Accipiter gularis |
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App II |
Acridotheres javanicus |
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Actitis hypoleucos |
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Aegithina tiphia |
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Alcedo atthis |
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Alcedo meninting |
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Amaurornis phoenicurus |
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Anas gibberifrons |
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Anas querquedula |
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Anhinga melanogaster |
Lower Risk |
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Anthracoceros albirostris |
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App II |
Anthracoceros malayanus |
Lower Risk |
App II |
Anthreptes malacensis |
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Ardea cinerea |
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Ardea purpurea |
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Ardeola speciosa |
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Artamus leucorhynchus |
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Bubulcus ibis |
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Buceros bicornis |
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App I |
Butorides striatus |
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Cacomantis variolosus |
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Cairina scutulata |
Endengered |
App I |
Caprimulgus affinis |
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Caprimulgus macrurus |
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Casmerodius albus |
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Centropus bengalensis |
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Centropus sinensis |
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Chalcophaps indica |
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Chlidonias hybridus |
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Chlidonias leucopterus |
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Ciconia episcopus |
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Cisticola juncidis |
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Copsychus saularis |
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Corvus macrorhynchos |
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Dendrocopos macei |
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Dendrocygna javanica |
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Dicrurus paradiseus |
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Dinopium javanense |
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Ducula aenea |
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Dupetor flavicollis |
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Egretta garzetta |
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Egretta intermedia |
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Egretta sacra |
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Elanus caeruleus |
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App II |
Eurystomus orientalis |
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Gallicrex cinerea |
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Gallinula chloropus |
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Gerygone sulphurea |
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Gracula religiosa |
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Halcyon chloris |
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Halcyon smyrnensis |
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Haliaeetus leucogaster |
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App II |
Haliastur indus |
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App II |
Himantopus leucocephalus |
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Hydrophasianus chirurgus |
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Ichthyophaga humilis |
Lower Risk |
App II |
Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus |
Lower Risk |
App II |
Ichthyophaga nana |
Lower Risk |
App II |
Ixobrychus sinensis |
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Leptoptilos javanicus |
Vulnerable |
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Lonchura maja |
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Merops philippinus |
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Metopidius indicus |
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Microhierax fringillarius |
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App II |
Mycteria cinerea |
Vulnerable |
App I |
Nectarinia jugularis |
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Nettapus coromandelianus |
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Nycticorax nycticorax |
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Oriolus chinensis |
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Orthotomus ruficeps |
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Otus lempiji |
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App II |
Pelargopsis capensis |
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Pericrocotus igneus |
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Phalacrocorax sulcirostris |
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Porphyrio porphyrio |
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Porzana cinerea |
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Prinia flaviventris |
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Pycnonotus aurigaster |
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Pycnonotus brunneus |
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Pycnonotus goiavier |
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Rhipidura javanica |
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Rhopodytes diardi |
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Rhopodytes tristis |
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Spilornis cheela |
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App II |
Spizaetus cirrhatus |
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App II |
Streptopelia chinensis |
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Treron fulvicollis |
Lower Risk |
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Treron vernans |
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Tringa totanus |
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Turnix suscitator |
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Tyto alba |
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App II |
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List of Mammals (7 species) |
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Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
Cervus unicolor |
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Helarctos malayanus |
Deficient Data |
App I |
Macaca fascicularis |
Lower Risk |
App II |
Macaca nemestrina |
Vulnerable |
App II |
Sus scrofa |
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Symphalangus syndactylus |
Lower Risk |
App I |
Trachypithecus cristatus |
Lower Risk |
App II |
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List of Fish (86 species) |
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Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
Anabas testudineus |
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Bagrichthys macropterus |
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Bagroides melapterus |
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Balantiocheilos melanopterus |
Endengered |
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Barbichthys laevis |
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Barbodes schwanenfeldii |
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Belontia hasselti |
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Botia hymenophysa |
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Botia macracanthus |
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Ceratoglanis scleronema |
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Chaca bankanensis |
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Channa melasoma |
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Channa micropeltes |
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Channa pleurophthalmus |
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Channa striata |
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Chitala lopis |
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Chonerhinos amabilis |
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Chonerhinos nefastus |
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Clarias batrachus |
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Clarias leiacanthus |
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Clarias meladerma |
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Clarias teysmanni |
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Crossocheilus oblongus |
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Cyclocheilichthys apogon |
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Cynoglossus feldmanni |
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Cynoglossus microlepis |
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Cyprinus carpio |
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Epalzeorhynchos kalopterus |
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Hampala macrolepidota |
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Helostoma temminckii |
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Hemisilurus heterorhynchos |
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Himantura signifer |
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Kryptopterus apogon |
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Kryptopterus bicirrhis |
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Kryptopterus limpok |
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Labeo chrysophekadion |
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Labiobarbus fasciatus |
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Labiobarbus leptocheilus |
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Labiobarbus ocellatus |
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Leptobarbus hoevenii |
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Luciosoma trinema |
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Macrochirichthys macrochirus |
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Mastacembelus erythrotaenia |
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Monopterus albus |
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Mystus gulio |
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Mystus nemurus |
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Mystus nigriceps |
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Mystus wyckii |
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Ompok hypophthalmus |
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Osphronemus goramy |
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Osteochilus enneaporos |
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Osteochilus hasseltii |
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Osteochilus melanopleura |
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Osteochilus microcephalus |
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Osteochilus schlegelii |
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Osteochilus triporos |
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Oxyeleotris marmorata |
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Oxygaster anomalura |
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Pangasius nasutus |
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Pangasius polyuranodon |
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Parachela hypophthalmus |
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Parachela oxygastroides |
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Parambassis apogonoides |
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Pectenocypris korthausae |
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Pristolepis fasciata |
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Puntioplites bulu |
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Puntius anchisporus |
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Puntius binotatus |
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Puntius lineatus |
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Rasbora argyrotaenia |
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Rasbora dorsiocellata |
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Rasbora dusonensis |
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Rasbora sumatrana |
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Rasbora tornieri |
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Rasbora trilineata |
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Scleropages formosus |
Endengered |
App. I |
Silurichthys phaiosoma |
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Sphaerichthys osphromenoides |
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Tetraodon leiurus |
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Tetraodon palembangensis |
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Thynnichthys polylepis |
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Thynnichthys thynnoides |
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Trichogaster leerii |
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Trichogaster pectoralis |
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Trichogaster trichopterus |
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Wallago leeri |
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List of Crustaceans (0 species) |
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Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
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List of Mollusks (0 species) |
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Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
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List of Amphibians (0 species) |
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Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
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List of Reptiles (3 species) |
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Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
Crocodylus porosus |
Vulnerable |
App II |
Python reticulatus |
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App II |
Varanus sp. |
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List of Vegetations (124 species) |
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Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
Acrostichum aureum |
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Alstonia pneumatophora |
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Alternanthera sessilis |
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Archidendron clypearia |
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Artocarpus elastica |
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Artocarpus teysmanii |
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Asplenium nidus |
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Avicennia alba |
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Azolla pinnata |
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Barringtonia acutangula |
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Bruguiera parviflora |
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Caesalpinia crista |
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Calamus sp. |
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Calophyllum sp. |
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Campnosperma auriculata |
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Caryota mitis |
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Cassia alata |
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Cayratia trifolia |
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Ceratophyllum demersum |
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Ceratopteris thalictroides |
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Cerbera odollam |
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Colocasia esculenta |
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Combretocarpus rotundifolia |
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Commelina benghalensis |
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Crinum asiaticum |
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Cyclosorus interruptus |
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Cyperus cephalotes |
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Cyperus compactus |
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Cyperus halpan |
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Cyperus imbricatus |
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Cyperus malaccensis |
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Dillenia sp. |
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Drynaria quercifolia |
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Echinochloa stagnina |
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Eichhornia crassipes |
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Eleocharis dulcis |
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Eleocharis ochrostachys |
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Eragrostis tenella |
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Eriocaulon longifolium |
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Excoecaria agallocha |
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Fagraea fragrans |
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Ficus microcarpa |
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Ficus retusa |
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Ficus sp. |
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Ficus sumatrana |
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Fimbristylis sp. |
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Flagellaria indica |
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Freycinetia sp. |
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Fuirena umbellata |
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Garcinia sp. |
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Gardenia tubifera |
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Gluta renghas |
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Hanguana malayana |
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Hibiscus tiliaceus |
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Hymenachne acutigluma |
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Intsia bijuga |
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Ipomoea aquatica |
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Ipomoea triloba |
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Isachne globosa |
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Kleinhovia hospita |
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Lagerstroemia speciosa |
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Lasia spinosa |
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Leersia hexandra |
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Lepisanthes amoena |
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Licuala paludosa |
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Limnocharis flava |
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Livistonia saribus |
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Ludwigia adscendens |
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Ludwigia hyssopifolia |
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Ludwigia octovalvis |
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Lycopodium cernuum |
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Lygodium microphyllum |
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Macaranga sp. |
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Macaranga triloba |
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Mangifera gedebe |
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Melaleuca cajuputi |
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Melastoma malabathricum |
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Memecylon edule |
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Merremia hederacea |
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Merremia sp. |
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Metroxylon sagu |
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Mikania micrantha |
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Mimosa pigra |
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Monochoria hastata |
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Najas indica |
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Nauclea subdita |
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Nepenthes mirabilis |
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Nephrolepis cordifolia |
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Nymphaea nouchali |
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Nymphaea sp. |
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Nymphoides indica |
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Nymphoides parvifolia |
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Nypa fruticans |
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Oncosperma tigillarium |
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Oryza rufipogon |
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Ottelia alismoides |
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Pandanus furcatus |
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Pandanus helicopus |
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Pandanus sp. |
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Paspalum sp. |
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Pholidocarpus sumatrana |
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Phragmites karka |
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Polygonum barbatum |
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Polygonum pulchrum |
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Rhynchospora corymbosa |
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Saccharum spontaneum |
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Sacciolepis interrupta |
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Sacciolepis myosuroides |
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Salacca conferta |
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Salvinia molesta |
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Sapium indicum |
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Scleria sumatrana |
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Sesbania javanica |
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Sonneratia caseolaris |
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Stenochlaena palustris |
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Terminalia catappa |
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Thespesia populnea |
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Thoracostachyum sumatrana |
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Thoracostachyum sumatranum |
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Trema orientalis |
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Uncaria sp. |
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Utricularia aurea |
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Utricularia bifida |
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Xylocarpus granatum |
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