Wetlands International Indonesia Programme

The area consists mainly of freshwater swamps including both seasonally flooded riverine backswamps and some permanent swamps, but also has locally bordering peatswamps. A tributary valley between Mengalla town and Bungung Tenuk village is semi-permanently flooded and was rich in waterbirds (including the endangered white-winged wood duck) during a January, 1977 survey. The area currently is proposed for a regional development study; it is already partially deforested and subject to encroachment by bordering transmigration settlements.

Site Location

The Tulang Bawang swamps are located in Lampung Province, South Sumatra and lie in kecamatan Menggala in Kabupaten Lampung Utara. The area is accessible via a good quality road which runs the 118 km between the provincial capital, Bandar Lampung, and Menggala. From Menggala, the swamps may be reached by speedboat or regular ferry.

Special Memmo

Probably major roost of Cairina scutulata. This Wood Duck was observed at several localities in 1976-1977, but there is no recent information.

List of Birds (91 species)

Species	Red Data Book	Cites
Accipiter gularis		App II
Acridotheres javanicus
Actitis hypoleucos
Aegithina tiphia
Alcedo atthis
Alcedo meninting
Amaurornis phoenicurus
Anas gibberifrons
Anas querquedula
Anhinga melanogaster	Lower Risk
Anthracoceros albirostris		App II
Anthracoceros malayanus	Lower Risk	App II
Anthreptes malacensis
Ardea cinerea
Ardea purpurea
Ardeola speciosa
Artamus leucorhynchus
Bubulcus ibis
Buceros bicornis		App I
Butorides striatus
Cacomantis variolosus
Cairina scutulata	Endengered	App I
Caprimulgus affinis
Caprimulgus macrurus
Casmerodius albus
Centropus bengalensis
Centropus sinensis
Chalcophaps indica
Chlidonias hybridus
Chlidonias leucopterus
Ciconia episcopus
Cisticola juncidis
Copsychus saularis
Corvus macrorhynchos
Dendrocopos macei
Dendrocygna javanica
Dicrurus paradiseus
Dinopium javanense
Ducula aenea
Dupetor flavicollis
Egretta garzetta
Egretta intermedia
Egretta sacra
Elanus caeruleus		App II
Eurystomus orientalis
Gallicrex cinerea
Gallinula chloropus
Gerygone sulphurea
Gracula religiosa
Halcyon chloris
Halcyon smyrnensis
Haliaeetus leucogaster		App II
Haliastur indus		App II
Himantopus leucocephalus
Hydrophasianus chirurgus
Ichthyophaga humilis	Lower Risk	App II
Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus	Lower Risk	App II
Ichthyophaga nana	Lower Risk	App II
Ixobrychus sinensis
Leptoptilos javanicus	Vulnerable
Lonchura maja
Merops philippinus
Metopidius indicus
Microhierax fringillarius		App II
Mycteria cinerea	Vulnerable	App I
Nectarinia jugularis
Nettapus coromandelianus
Nycticorax nycticorax
Oriolus chinensis
Orthotomus ruficeps
Otus lempiji		App II
Pelargopsis capensis
Pericrocotus igneus
Phalacrocorax sulcirostris
Porphyrio porphyrio
Porzana cinerea
Prinia flaviventris
Pycnonotus aurigaster
Pycnonotus brunneus
Pycnonotus goiavier
Rhipidura javanica
Rhopodytes diardi
Rhopodytes tristis
Spilornis cheela		App II
Spizaetus cirrhatus		App II
Streptopelia chinensis
Treron fulvicollis	Lower Risk
Treron vernans
Tringa totanus
Turnix suscitator
Tyto alba		App II

List of Mamal (7 species)

Species	Red Data Book	Cites
Cervus unicolor
Helarctos malayanus	Deficient Data	App I
Macaca fascicularis	Lower Risk	App II
Macaca nemestrina	Vulnerable	App II
Sus scrofa
Symphalangus syndactylus	Lower Risk	App I
Trachypithecus cristatus	Lower Risk	App II

List of Fish (86 species)

Species	Red Data Book	Cites
Anabas testudineus
Bagrichthys macropterus
Bagroides melapterus
Balantiocheilos melanopterus	Endengered
Barbichthys laevis
Barbodes schwanenfeldii
Belontia hasselti
Botia hymenophysa
Botia macracanthus
Ceratoglanis scleronema
Chaca bankanensis
Channa melasoma
Channa micropeltes
Channa pleurophthalmus
Channa striata
Chitala lopis
Chonerhinos amabilis
Chonerhinos nefastus
Clarias batrachus
Clarias leiacanthus
Clarias meladerma
Clarias teysmanni
Crossocheilus oblongus
Cyclocheilichthys apogon
Cynoglossus feldmanni
Cynoglossus microlepis
Cyprinus carpio
Epalzeorhynchos kalopterus
Hampala macrolepidota
Helostoma temminckii
Hemisilurus heterorhynchos
Himantura signifer
Kryptopterus apogon
Kryptopterus bicirrhis
Kryptopterus limpok
Labeo chrysophekadion
Labiobarbus fasciatus
Labiobarbus leptocheilus
Labiobarbus ocellatus
Leptobarbus hoevenii
Luciosoma trinema
Macrochirichthys macrochirus
Mastacembelus erythrotaenia
Monopterus albus
Mystus gulio
Mystus nemurus
Mystus nigriceps
Mystus wyckii
Ompok hypophthalmus
Osphronemus goramy
Osteochilus enneaporos
Osteochilus hasseltii
Osteochilus melanopleura
Osteochilus microcephalus
Osteochilus schlegelii
Osteochilus triporos
Oxyeleotris marmorata
Oxygaster anomalura
Pangasius nasutus
Pangasius polyuranodon
Parachela hypophthalmus
Parachela oxygastroides
Parambassis apogonoides
Pectenocypris korthausae
Pristolepis fasciata
Puntioplites bulu
Puntius anchisporus
Puntius binotatus
Puntius lineatus
Rasbora argyrotaenia
Rasbora dorsiocellata
Rasbora dusonensis
Rasbora sumatrana
Rasbora tornieri
Rasbora trilineata
Scleropages formosus	Endengered	App. I
Silurichthys phaiosoma
Sphaerichthys osphromenoides
Tetraodon leiurus
Tetraodon palembangensis
Thynnichthys polylepis
Thynnichthys thynnoides
Trichogaster leerii
Trichogaster pectoralis
Trichogaster trichopterus
Wallago leeri

List of Crustaseans (0 species)

List of Mollusk (0 species)

List of Fish (0 species)

List of Reptile (3 species)

Species	Red Data Book	Cites
Crocodylus porosus	Vulnerable	App II
Python reticulatus		App II
Varanus sp.

List of Vegetation (124 species)

Species	Red Data Book	Cites
Acrostichum aureum
Alstonia pneumatophora
Alternanthera sessilis
Archidendron clypearia
Artocarpus elastica
Artocarpus teysmanii
Asplenium nidus
Avicennia alba
Azolla pinnata
Barringtonia acutangula
Bruguiera parviflora
Caesalpinia crista
Calamus sp.
Calophyllum sp.
Campnosperma auriculata
Caryota mitis
Cassia alata
Cayratia trifolia
Ceratophyllum demersum
Ceratopteris thalictroides
Cerbera odollam
Colocasia esculenta
Combretocarpus rotundifolia
Commelina benghalensis
Crinum asiaticum
Cyclosorus interruptus
Cyperus cephalotes
Cyperus compactus
Cyperus halpan
Cyperus imbricatus
Cyperus malaccensis
Dillenia sp.
Drynaria quercifolia
Echinochloa stagnina
Eichhornia crassipes
Eleocharis dulcis
Eleocharis ochrostachys
Eragrostis tenella
Eriocaulon longifolium
Excoecaria agallocha
Fagraea fragrans
Ficus microcarpa
Ficus retusa
Ficus sp.
Ficus sumatrana
Fimbristylis sp.
Flagellaria indica
Freycinetia sp.
Fuirena umbellata
Garcinia sp.
Gardenia tubifera
Gluta renghas
Hanguana malayana
Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hymenachne acutigluma
Intsia bijuga
Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea triloba
Isachne globosa
Kleinhovia hospita
Lagerstroemia speciosa
Lasia spinosa
Leersia hexandra
Lepisanthes amoena
Licuala paludosa
Limnocharis flava
Livistonia saribus
Ludwigia adscendens
Ludwigia hyssopifolia
Ludwigia octovalvis
Lycopodium cernuum
Lygodium microphyllum
Macaranga sp.
Macaranga triloba
Mangifera gedebe
Melaleuca cajuputi
Melastoma malabathricum
Memecylon edule
Merremia hederacea
Merremia sp.
Metroxylon sagu
Mikania micrantha
Mimosa pigra
Monochoria hastata
Najas indica
Nauclea subdita
Nepenthes mirabilis
Nephrolepis cordifolia
Nymphaea nouchali
Nymphaea sp.
Nymphoides indica
Nymphoides parvifolia
Nypa fruticans
Oncosperma tigillarium
Oryza rufipogon
Ottelia alismoides
Pandanus furcatus
Pandanus helicopus
Pandanus sp.
Paspalum sp.
Pholidocarpus sumatrana
Phragmites karka
Polygonum barbatum
Polygonum pulchrum
Rhynchospora corymbosa
Saccharum spontaneum
Sacciolepis interrupta
Sacciolepis myosuroides
Salacca conferta
Salvinia molesta
Sapium indicum
Scleria sumatrana
Sesbania javanica
Sonneratia caseolaris
Stenochlaena palustris
Terminalia catappa
Thespesia populnea
Thoracostachyum sumatrana
Thoracostachyum sumatranum
Trema orientalis
Uncaria sp.
Utricularia aurea
Utricularia bifida
Xylocarpus granatum