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Site Description |
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The Ogan - Komering lebaks form a system of shallow lakes within the floodplain of the Ogan and Komering rivers. These lakes are highly seasonal as floodwaters may extend over an area of about 200,000 ha, but recede to just under 4,000 ha in July-August. The largest permanent lakes are L. Deling (620 ha), L. Teloko (480 ha), L. Keramunting (460 ha), L.Muru (350 ha), and L. Danau (280 ha). Average depth in the wet season is about 4 m (range 1.5 - 7 m), and 1.5 m in the dry season (range 0 - 4 m). Altitude of most of the lebaks is 2 - 6 m above sealevel, exceptions being L. Tanjung Gelam, L. Betung and L. Belantik, which lie between 10 - 20 m altitude.
During the wet season the water level in the lebaks rises by 2 - 3 m. Much of this usually consists of floodwaters from either the Ogan or Komering mixed with water from the lebaks' own small catchment, but some lebaks (eg. the aforementioned three) only receive input from their own catchment. |
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Site Location |
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The Ogan-Komering lebaks, or floodplain lakes, are located in Ogan-Komering Ilir Regency (Kabupaten OKI), in South Sumatra Province. Kayu Agung township, the regency's capital, is centrally located and accessible by road. It may also be reached by speedboat from Palembang in about 4 - 5 hours, either by following the Komering River directly or by following the Ogan River up to Tanjung Raja village, and from there entering the Komering River via a connecting stream. Other key townships are Pedamaran (1/2 hour by road from Kayu Agung), Lubuk Liat (2 1/2 hours by road from Palembang, via Tanjung Raja), and Pampangan (4 hours by speedboat from Palembang, or 2 1/2 hours by speedboat from Kayu Agung; roads are in very poor condition and not recommended). Most lebaks that retain water during the dry months are accessible by speedboat from the main river, exceptions being lakes Belantik, Meranjat and Petai, which can only be reached by sampan. Tidal influences are noticeable north (downstream) of the line Indralaya-Pampangan; at Muara Batun village the tidal range on the Komering River was measured to be about 80 cm (10/08/90), while at Kayu Agung it was no longer noticeable. This tidal movement affects river transport in the dry months, June - October, though both Ogan and Komering remain navigable for speedboats throughout OKI Regency. The PHPA is not represented in OKI, the nearest office being that of the Sub-Balai KSDA in Palembang (Jl. Kol. H. Barlian/Punti Kayu km 6: Karang, Lampung Province. The Inland Fisheries Research Institute has an office in Mariana, near Palembang, and a field station in the lebak area at Lubuk Lampan village, on the Lempuing River (1 hour by speedboat from Pedamaran). |
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Special Memmo |
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The system of auctioning lebaks for fisheries has led to overfishing which has resulted in a great decline in at least a dozen important fish species.
Source: Wim Giesen. Sumatra Wetland Project Rep. No. 8. |
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List of Birds (64 species) |
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| Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
| Actitis hypoleucos |
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| Alcedo atthis |
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| Alcedo coerulescens |
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| Amaurornis phoenicurus |
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| Anas gibberifrons |
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| Anas querquedula |
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| Anhinga melanogaster |
Lower Risk |
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| Anthracoceros malayanus |
Lower Risk |
App II |
| Ardea cinerea |
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| Ardea purpurea |
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| Ardea sumatrana |
Lower Risk |
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| Ardeola bacchus |
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| Ardeola speciosa |
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| Artamus fuscus |
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| Bubulcus ibis |
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| Butorides striatus |
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| Caprimulgus affinis |
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| Chlidonias hybridus |
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| Ciconia episcopus |
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| Copsychus saularis |
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| Delichon dasypus |
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| Dendrocygna arcuata |
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| Dendrocygna javanica |
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| Dicrurus remifer |
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| Dinopium javanense |
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| Dupetor flavicollis |
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| Egretta alba |
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| Egretta garzetta |
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| Egretta intermedia |
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| Gallinula chloropus |
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| Geopelia striata |
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| Gerygone sulphurea |
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| Glareola maldivarum |
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| Halcyon chloris |
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| Halcyon coromanda |
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| Halcyon pileata |
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| Halcyon smyrnensis |
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| Haliaeetus leucogaster |
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App II |
| Haliastur indus |
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App II |
| Himantopus himantopus |
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| Hydrophasianus chirurgus |
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| Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus |
Lower Risk |
App II |
| Ixobrychus cinnamomeus |
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| Ixobrychus sinensis |
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| Leptoptilos javanicus |
Vulnerable |
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| Lonchura maja |
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| Lonchura malacca |
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| Merops viridis |
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| Milvus migrans |
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App II |
| Mycteria cinerea |
Vulnerable |
App I |
| Oriolus chinensis |
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| Pelargopsis capensis |
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| Phalacrocorax carbo |
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| Ploceus manyar |
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| Pluvialis dominica |
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| Porphyrio porphyrio |
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| Psittinus cyanurus |
Lower Risk |
App II |
| Ptilinopus jambu |
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| Pycnonotus aurigaster |
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| Rhipidura albicollis |
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| Streptopelia chinensis |
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| Tringa erythropus |
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| Tringa glareola |
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| Tringa stagnatilis |
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List of Mammals (17 species) |
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| Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
| Arctictis binturong |
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| Callosciurus notatus |
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| Cervus unicolor |
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| Felis viverrinus |
Lower Risk |
App II |
| Helarctos malayanus |
Deficient Data |
App I |
| Macaca fascicularis |
Lower Risk |
App II |
| Manis javanica |
Lower Risk |
App II |
| Muntiacus muntjak |
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| Panthera tigris |
Endengered |
App I |
| Paradoxurus hermaphroditus |
Vulnerable |
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| Prionodon linsang |
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App II |
| Pteropus vampyrus |
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App II |
| Sundamys muelleri |
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| Sus scrofa |
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| Tapirus indicus |
Vulnerable |
App I |
| Trachypithecus cristatus |
Lower Risk |
App II |
| Tragulus napu |
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List of Fish (62 species) |
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| Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
| Anabas testudineus |
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| Bagrichthys hypselopterus |
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| Bagroides melapterus |
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| Barbodes gonionotus |
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| Barbodes schwanenfeldii |
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| Botia macracanthus |
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| Ceratoglanis scleronema |
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| Channa melanopterus |
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| Channa micropeltes |
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| Channa pleurophthalmus |
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| Channa striata |
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| Chitala lopis |
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| Clarias batrachus |
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| Clarias nieuhofi |
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| Cyclocheilichthys enoplos |
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| Hampala macrolepidota |
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| Helicophagus typus |
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| Helicophagus waandersi |
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| Helostoma temminckii |
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| Hemisilurus heterorhynchos |
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| Himantura bleekeri |
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| Kryptopterus apogon |
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| Kryptopterus bicirrhis |
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| Kryptopterus cryptopterus |
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| Kryptopterus hexapterus |
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| Kryptopterus limpok |
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| Kryptopterus micronema |
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| Kryptopterus schilbeides |
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| Labiobarbus fasciatus |
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| Labiobarbus festivus |
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| Labiobarbus ocellatus |
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| Leptobarbus hoevenii |
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| Luciosoma trinema |
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| Macrochirichthys macrochirus |
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| Macrognathus maculatus |
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| Mastacembelus armatus |
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| Mastacembelus paucipinnis |
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| Monopterus albus |
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| Mystus nemurus |
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| Mystus nigriceps |
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| Notopterus notopterus |
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| Ompok bimaculatus |
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| Ompok eugeneiatus |
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| Ompok hypophthalmus |
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| Ompok leiacanthus |
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| Oreochromis mossambicus |
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| Osteochilus hasseltii |
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| Osteochilus triporos |
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| Pangasius micronema |
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| Pangasius pangasius |
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| Puntioplites waandersi |
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| Rasbora argyrotaenia |
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| Scleropages formosus |
Endengered |
App. I |
| Setipinna melanochir |
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| Tetraodon palembangensis |
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| Thynnichthys polylepis |
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| Thynnichthys thynnoides |
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| Tor douronensis |
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| Trichogaster leerii |
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| Trichogaster pectoralis |
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| Trichogaster trichopterus |
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| Wallago leeri |
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List of Crustaceans (1 species) |
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| Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
| Hadropenaeus lucasii |
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List of Mollusks (4 species) |
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| Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
| Bellamya javanica |
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| Corbicula javanica |
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| Pseudodon vondenbuschianus |
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| Rectidens sumatrensis |
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List of Amphibians (0 species) |
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| Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
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List of Reptiles (8 species) |
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| Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
| Bellia crassicollis |
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App II |
| Cerberus rhynchops |
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| Crocodylus porosus |
Vulnerable |
App II |
| Enhydris enhydris |
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| Mabuya multifasciata |
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| Python reticulatus |
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App II |
| Tomistoma schlegelii |
Deficient Data |
App I |
| Varanus salvator |
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App II |
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List of Vegetations (119 species) |
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| Species |
Red Data Book |
Cites |
| Abelmoschus moschatus |
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| Acrostichum aureum |
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| Alstonia angustifolia |
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| Alstonia spatulacea |
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| Artocarpus teysmanii |
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| Azolla pinnata |
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| Barringtonia acutangula |
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| Bhesa sp. |
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| Calamus sp. |
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| Campnosperma minor |
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| Cassia alata |
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| Castanopsis sp. |
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| Ceratophyllum demersum |
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| Ceratopteris thalictroides |
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| Coccoceras sumatrana |
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| Colocasia esculenta |
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| Combretocarpus rotundatus |
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| Cratoxylum arborescens |
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| Cyperus babakan |
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| Cyperus cephalotes |
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| Cyperus halpan |
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| Cyperus imbricatus |
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| Cyperus pilosus |
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| Cyperus platystylis |
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| Cyperus tenuiculmis |
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| Digitaria setigera |
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| Dillenia sp. |
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| Echinochloa stagnina |
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| Eclipta alba |
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| Eichhornia crassipes |
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| Elaeocarpus littoralis |
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| Eleocharis acutangula |
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| Eleocharis dulcis |
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| Eleocharis ochrostachys |
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| Eleocharis retroflexa |
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| Eragrostis unioloides |
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| Eriocaulon longifolium |
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| Erythrina fusca |
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| Eugenia sp. |
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| Eugenia spicata |
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| Fagraea elliptica |
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| Fagraea fragrans |
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| Ficus microcarpa |
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| Fimbristylis acuminata |
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| Fimbristylis aestivalis |
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| Fimbristylis dichotoma |
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| Fimbristylis dipsacea |
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| Fimbristylis globulosa |
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| Fimbristylis griffithii |
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| Fimbristylis miliacea |
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| Fimbristylis pauciflora |
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| Fimbristylis scaberrima |
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| Flacourtia rukam |
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| Flagellaria indica |
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| Fuirena umbellata |
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| Garcinia dioica |
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| Gluta renghas |
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| Grangea maderaspatana |
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| Hanguana malayana |
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| Hedyotis diffusa |
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| Heliotropium indicum |
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| Hydrilla verticillata |
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| Hymenachne acutigluma |
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| Hymenocardia wallichi |
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| Hypolytrum capitulatum |
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| Hyptis brevipes |
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| Impatiens balsamina |
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| Ipomoea aquatica |
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| Ipomoea sp. |
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| Lagerstroemia speciosa |
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| Leersia hexandra |
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| Lemna perpusilla |
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| Lepironia articulata |
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| Limnophila erecta |
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| Ludwigia adscendens |
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| Ludwigia hyssopifolia |
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| Ludwigia octovalvis |
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| Lygodium microphyllum |
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| Melaleuca cajuputi |
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| Melastoma malabathricum |
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| Melochoria corchorifolia |
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| Merremia hederacea |
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| Merremia sp. |
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| Mikania micrantha |
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| Mimosa pigra |
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| Monochoria hastata |
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| Murdannia nudiflora |
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| Najas indica |
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| Nauclea orientalis |
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| Nelumbo nucifera |
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| Nepenthes mirabilis |
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| Nymphaea nouchali |
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| Nymphoides indica |
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| Oryza rufipogon |
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| Pandanus helicopus |
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| Panicum repens |
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| Paspalum commersonii |
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| Paspalum conjugatum |
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| Phragmites karka |
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| Polygonum barbatum |
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| Polygonum pulchrum |
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| Rhynchospora rubra |
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| Rottboellia exaltata |
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| Sacciolepis myosuroides |
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| Salvinia molesta |
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| Scirpus grossus |
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| Scleria biflora |
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| Scleria ciliaris |
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| Scleria sumatrana |
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| Sesbania javanica |
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| Setaria pallide-fusca |
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| Sindora leiocarpa |
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| Sphaeranthus africanus |
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| Stenochlaena palustris |
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| Thoracostachyum bancanum |
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| Tristaniopsis obovata |
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| Utricularia aurea |
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| Utricularia punctata |
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| Xanthophyllum lanceatum |
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