Wetlands International Indonesia Programme

At the time it was made a wildlife reserve, this area had been entirely clear-felled, and local residents had constructed canals and created rice-paddies and fish ponds over an area of more than 2000 ha in the Karang Gadang part of the reserve. Since then, mainly due to vigilant guarding by PHPA staff, the logged over forest has regenerated, and rice paddies and fishponds have largely been abandoned and are in the process of regeneration. 75% of the reserve is regenerated mangrove, 15% is abandoned fishponds and rice- paddies, and the rest is mostly open water (rivers and creeks). A small amount of Casuarina woodland exists. Another important type of habitat exists techincally outside of the reserve, namely coastal mudflats and sandbars, but which was surveyed because it can be considered an enclave of the reserve. Furthermore it is recommended that they be included in the reserve as they are integral to certain faunal elements in the reserve. Belawan contains one of the few surviving examples of mangrove forest on this side of the province. The site supports associated mangrove flora and fauna, and has a particularly rich bird life. The inland dry forest areas have been cleared. The remaining sandy areas have Casarina equisetifolia forest. Sea turtles occasionally visit the sandy beaches. Principal vegetation: Mangrove.

Site Location

About 30 km from Medan in Northern Sumatra Province. Though it may be entered by boat, which involves a four hour trip from the port town of Belawan (a 20 minute drive from Medan), the best way to enter the reserve is via one of the three PHPA guard posts, that are all on the landward side. Closest to Medan is the one at Karang Gading village, which can be reached by road from the provincial capital in about 2 hours, via Stabat and Hinaikiri. Only the last 500m are unpaved and require a 4WD vehicle. The other 2 posts are located near Secanggang and Tanjungpura, respectively and may be reached via these 2 towns. The 1:250 scale 1986 BAKOSURTANAL map (no 0619) is very inaccurate. Source: Giesen, W (1991) Survey Report No 10. The Belawan site lies on the north east coast of Sumatra in the Medan Province. It's southern boundary is north of the Belawan settlement, approximately 25 km North of Medan, and the site runs along the coast including Tanjung Beting Camar, Tanjung Nipah larangan and Ka Jaringalusbesar.

Special Memmo

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List of Birds (45 species)

Species	Red Data Book	Cites
Actitis hypoleucos
Alcedo atthis
Alcedo meninting
Amaurornis phoenicurus
Ardea purpurea
Butorides striatus
Centropus bengalensis
Centropus sinensis
Charadrius mongolus
Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus
Copsychus saularis
Dendronanthus indicus
Dicrurus paradiseus
Egretta alba
Egretta garzetta
Egretta intermedia
Elanus caeruleus		App II
Halcyon chloris
Halcyon coromanda
Halcyon pileata
Haliaeetus leucogaster		App II
Haliastur indus		App II
Hirundo tahitica
Ictinaetus malayensis		App II
Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
Lanius cristatus
Leptoptilos javanicus	Vulnerable
Limnodromus semipalmatus	Lower Risk
Lonchura maja
Lonchura punctulata
Merops philippinus
Motacilla flava
Mycteria cinerea	Vulnerable	App I
Nectarinia calcostetha
Nectarinia jugularis
Numenius arquata
Orthotomus ruficeps
Pelargopsis capensis
Phaenicophaeus sumatranus
Pycnonotus goiavier
Spilornis cheela		App II
Sterna albifrons
Sterna sumatrana
Tringa nebularia
Tringa totanus

List of Mamal (11 species)

Species	Red Data Book	Cites
Aonyx cinerea	Lower Risk	App II
Cervus unicolor
Helarctos malayanus	Deficient Data	App I
Macaca fascicularis	Lower Risk	App II
Manis javanica	Lower Risk	App II
Muntiacus muntjak
Nycticebus coucang	Vulnerable	App II
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus	Vulnerable
Sus barbatus	Lower Risk
Trachypithecus cristatus	Lower Risk	App II
Tragulus napu

List of Fish (17 species)

Species	Red Data Book	Cites
Channa micropeltes
Dermogenys pusillus
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
Grammoplites scaber
Lagocephalus lunaris
Lates calcarifer
Lutjanus russelli
Lutjanus sanguineus
Macrochirichthys macrochirus
Muraenesox cinereus
Pampus argenteus
Parastromateus niger
Plotosus canius
Scatophagus argus
Sphyraena jello
Tylosurus annulatus
Valamugil seheli

List of Crustaseans (0 species)

List of Mollusk (0 species)

List of Fish (0 species)

List of Reptile (8 species)

Species	Red Data Book	Cites
Acrochordus javanicus
Batagur baska		App I
Bellia crassicollis		App II
Boiga dendrophila
Chitra indica	Critically Endengered
Naja naja		App II
Python reticulatus		App II
Varanus salvator		App II

List of Vegetation (38 species)

Species	Red Data Book	Cites
Acanthus ilicifolius
Acrostichum aureum
Acrostichum speciosum
Avicennia alba
Avicennia officinalis
Brownlowia tersa
Bruguiera gymnorhiza
Bruguiera parviflora
Bruguiera sexangula
Caesalpinia crista
Casuarina equisetifolia
Ceriops tagal
Chloris gayana
Cryptocoryne ciliata
Cyperus compactus
Cyperus compressus
Cyperus javanicus
Cyperus malaccensis
Daemonorops leptopus
Eichhornia crassipes
Excoecaria agallocha
Fagraea crenulata
Fimbristylis ferruginea
Hibiscus tiliaceus
Ipomoea pescaprae
Livistonia saribus
Nypa fruticans
Oncosperma tigillarium
Pandanus tectorius
Pluchea indica
Rhizophora apiculata
Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae
Sonneratia alba
Sonneratia ovata
Thespesia populnea
Typha angustifolia
Xylocarpus granatum
Xylocarpus moluccensis